Title |
Endocannabinoid Modulation of Orbitostriatal Circuits Gates Habit Formation
|
---|---|
Published in |
Neuron, May 2016
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.043 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Christina M. Gremel, Jessica H. Chancey, Brady K. Atwood, Guoxiang Luo, Rachael Neve, Charu Ramakrishnan, Karl Deisseroth, David M. Lovinger, Rui M. Costa |
Abstract |
Everyday function demands efficient and flexible decision-making that allows for habitual and goal-directed action control. An inability to shift has been implicated in disorders with impaired decision-making, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Despite this, our understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms and circuitry involved in shifting action control remains limited. Here we identify an endogenous molecular mechanism in a specific cortical-striatal pathway that mediates the transition between goal-directed and habitual action strategies. Deletion of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors from cortical projections originating in the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) prevents mice from shifting from goal-directed to habitual instrumental lever pressing. Activity of OFC neurons projecting to dorsal striatum (OFC-DS) and, specifically, activity of OFC-DS terminals is necessary for goal-directed action control. Lastly, CB1 deletion from OFC-DS neurons prevents the shift from goal-directed to habitual action control. These data suggest that the emergence of habits depends on endocannabinoid-mediated attenuation of a competing circuit controlling goal-directed behaviors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 11 | 22% |
Canada | 5 | 10% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 10% |
Italy | 2 | 4% |
Spain | 2 | 4% |
Japan | 2 | 4% |
Ireland | 1 | 2% |
Portugal | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 4% |
Unknown | 18 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 32 | 64% |
Scientists | 15 | 30% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 4% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 12 | 3% |
France | 4 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
Portugal | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 413 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 117 | 27% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 109 | 25% |
Student > Bachelor | 35 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 28 | 6% |
Student > Master | 23 | 5% |
Other | 75 | 17% |
Unknown | 54 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 166 | 38% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 103 | 23% |
Psychology | 39 | 9% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 2% |
Other | 29 | 7% |
Unknown | 77 | 17% |